Passage III

Jade: The Stone of China

[1]

From the beginning of recorded Chinese history until the end of the Ch'ing dynasty, jade held a significant place in China. China had an abundant supply of jade, which contributed to the stone's influence in the culture. The Chinese also regarded the physical characteristics of jade with fascination. Jade is hard; making it difficult to chip or flake, but once polished, its surface is smooth and silky to the touch. Variations in color—and they were frequent— added further interest to the forms fashioned by Chinese artisans. (33)

[2]

From the Sung dynasty to the Ming dynasty, jade carvings assumed practical forms—as axes, chisels, and other tools as well, as ornamental forms, such as earrings and pendants. Jade also inspired them to create objects that were both useful and decorative. Many cups and containers were embellished with birds, peach blossoms, and other adornments inspired by nature. An entire cup, for example, was fashioned in the shape of a lotus leaf.

[3]

Decorations could be very complex. A brush holder from the Ch'ing dynasty had carvings that covered every inch of their surface; the elaborate details included representations of clouds, trees, mountains, and people. This scene depicted in jade told the story of scholarly recluses who, in ancient times, retreated to mountain caves to escape the warring factions with their books that threatened their way of life.

[4]

[1] In addition to its aesthetic importance, there was with jade a spiritual value stemming from its early associations with traditional Taoist beliefs. [2] This belief inspired Taoist physicians having created a digestible form of jade powder that he hoped would increase human longevity. [3] By these traditional beliefs in the extraordinary powers of jade invested the stone with a significance far beyond its usefulness as a tool or as a medium for artistic expression. (45)

35.

Answer and Explanation

Your Answer is

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The content of the explanation of practical forms guided by as needs to be separated from the main body of the sentence with double dashes, and C is correct.

Supplementary questions about as:

Appositions are post-modifications, which supplement the previous noun structure. The apposition must also be a noun structure. Classified according to the degree of co-location, the highest is synonymous co-location, and the lowest is content co-location.

Synonymous and homonym means that the modified word has almost the same meaning as the apposition word, and usually indicates the identity of the modified word, such as "A company commander, (namely) Captain Madison, assembled His men.” A company commander refers to Captain Madison, even if Captain Madison is replaced by the subject, the meaning of the sentence remains almost unchanged.

Content apposition means that the modified word contains apposition, usually for example, such as "His excuses, such as the breakdown of his car, never seemed plausible." His excuses are not just breakdown of his car, the latter is only a part of the former and cannot replace the subject of the former.

As in the original title is a preposition, its meaning is "as", leading to apposition (content apposition) - axes, chisels, and other tools are examples of practical forms. The function of As here is the same as such as, for example, for instance, including, and the ones that can perform similar functions are particularly, chiefly, mainly, notably etc.

If as is removed, the degree of parity here cannot be distinguished-it may be synonymous, or it may be content. Such as "Famous men—Henry James, Gandhi, Saul Bellow—have visited this university." We do not know whether these three people are all famous men who have visited this university, or just three examples, because the two interpretations are logically above is possible. But if you add such as, it is very clear, it must be an example.

The as in the title means that the apposition is an example, but it may be an exhaustive example, because there are and other tools. Dashes, commas, and parentheses are commonly used punctuation marks to mark appositions, so dashes and the preposition as are not contradictory.